1. Quartz Sand Filter
The filter is filled with finely processed, multi-layered, multi-sized quartz sand, effectively removing sediment, rust, large impurities, and suspended particles to significantly improve feed water quality. The filter can be manually backwashed and flushed. The filter media has a long service life, theoretically requiring no replacement, only minor replenishment. The filter housing comes in two materials: stainless steel or fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP). The amount of filter media filled ranges from 150 kg to 3000 kg depending on the treatment capacity.
2. Activated Carbon Filter
The Activated Carbon Filter is primarily used to remove organic matter and residual chlorine. It is filled with water purification-grade activated carbon (mainly shell-based). As water passes through:
It adsorbs approximately 60% of organic matter in the water.
It removes residual chlorine. Chlorine removal is not merely adsorption but involves catalytic action on the carbon’s surface. Therefore, activated carbon does not experience adsorption saturation; only physical loss occurs. The housing comes in two materials: stainless steel or FRP. The amount of activated carbon filled ranges from 50 kg to 1000 kg depending on the treatment capacity. After adsorption, the effluent generally meets RO feed requirements: SDI ≤ 4.
3. Cartridge Filter (Security Filter / Pre-RO Filter)
The Cartridge Filter houses PP (polypropylene) cartridges with a pore size of 20-30 microns. It filters finer impurities and particles to prevent them from entering the high-pressure pump and RO membrane elements, which could scratch the membrane surface. Under normal operating conditions, the cartridges last over 3 months. The filter structure allows for quick cartridge replacement. The housing is made of stainless steel. The number of cartridges ranges from 3 to 12 depending on the treatment capacity.
4. Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membrane Filter
The RO membrane is the core component of pure water systems. Water treated by the RO system removes the vast majority of inorganic salts, essentially all organic matter, harmful chemicals, pesticide residues, bacteria, and viruses, producing water that meets pure water standards. Based on effluent quality requirements, systems can be single-stage or double-stage (two-pass) RO. Double-stage RO achieves a salt rejection rate exceeding 99%, with a water recovery rate over 60%, producing water that meets national bottled purified water standards. RO membranes are typically from Hydranautics (USA), in 4040 or 8040 specifications. The number of membrane elements ranges from 1 to 20 depending on capacity, with a service life exceeding 2 years.
5. Ultrafiltration (UF) Membrane Filter
Hollow fiber UF membranes are the core component of mineral water systems. Water treated by UF removes the vast majority of bacteria and essentially all organic matter and microorganisms, producing water that meets purified water standards. Water recovery rates range from 75% to 90%. UF systems offer high throughput and are resistant to clogging. Currently used membranes are primarily domestic (Chinese), also in 4040 or 8040 specifications.
6. Mixed Bed (MB) Unit
Mixed Bed units use both cation and anion exchange resins as media to remove ions from water, achieving purity beyond standard RO water. The resin media can be either regenerable or non-regenerable. Regenerable media have lower operating costs, while non-regenerable media last longer. Water treated by a Mixed Bed is called Ultrapure Water, measured by resistivity (the reciprocal of conductivity). Resistivity typically ranges between 1 and 15 Megohm-cm.
We Weifang Toption Machinery Co.,Ltd supply industrial reverse osmosis water treatment equipment and all kinds of water treatment equipment, our products include water softening equipment, recycling water treatment equipment, ultrafiltration UF water treatment equipment, RO reverse osmosis water treatment equipment, seawater desalination equipment, EDI ultra pure water equipment, wastewater treatment equipment and water treatment equipment parts and accessories. If you would like more information, please visit our website www.toptionwater.com. Or if you have any need, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Post time: Aug-11-2025